What is Meditation?
Meditation is a practice that involves focusing or clearing your mind using a combination of mental and physical techniques.
Depending on the type of meditation you choose, you can meditate to relax, reduce anxiety and stress, and more. Some people even use meditation to help them improve their health, such as using it to help adapt to the challenges of quitting tobacco products.
The practice of meditation is thousands of years old, and different forms come from around the world. But modern science has only started studying this practice in detail during the last few decades. Some of the biggest leaps in science’s understanding of meditation have only been possible thanks to modern technology.
How do you meditate?
There’s no one correct way to meditate. That’s because meditation can take many different forms. Experts have analyzed meditation practices and found that some common processes happen across different meditation forms. These are:
- Body-centered meditation. This is sometimes called self-scanning. Doing this involves focusing on the physical sensations you can feel throughout your body.
- Contemplation. This usually involves concentrating on a question or some kind of contradiction without letting your mind wander.
- Emotion-centered meditation. This kind of meditation has you focus on a specific emotion. For example, focusing on how to be kind to others or on what makes you happy in your life.
- Mantra meditation. This kind of meditation involves repeating (either aloud or in your head) and focusing on a specific phrase or sound.
- Meditation with movement. This type of meditation can involve focusing on breathing, holding your breath or performing specific body movements. It can also involve walking while focusing on what you observe around you.
- Mindfulness meditation. This form of meditation is about staying aware of what’s happening at the moment rather than letting your mind wander and worrying about the past or future. It can also involve a similar approach as body-centered meditation, using what you feel throughout your body as a foundation for your awareness of the world around you.
what is a benefits of meditation?
People also use the practice to develop other beneficial habits and feelings, such as a positive mood and outlook, self-discipline, healthy sleep patterns, and even increased pain tolerance.
This article reviews 12 health benefits of meditation.
1. Reduces stress
Stress reduction is one of the most common reasons people try meditation.
Over time, physiological markers of stress, like increased cortisol and heart rate, can have wide-ranging impacts on everything from sleep to blood pressure.
A 2017 reviewTrusted Source of 45 studies suggests various forms of mediation can help to decrease physiological markers of stress.
Other research suggests that meditation may also improve symptoms of certain conditions that are impacted by stress, including:
2. Controls anxiety
Meditation can reduce stress levels, which translates to less anxiety.
An older 2014 meta-analysisTrusted Source including nearly 1,300 adults found that meditation may decrease anxiety. Notably, this effect was strongest in those with the highest levels of anxiety.
Another studyTrusted Source found that 8 weeks of mindfulness meditation helped reduce anxiety symptoms in people with generalized anxiety disorder, along with increasing positive self-statements and improving stress reactivity and coping.
Meditation may also help control job-related anxiety. One studyTrusted Source found that employees who used a mindfulness meditation app for 8 weeks experienced improved feelings of well-being and decreased distress and job strain, compared with those in a control group.
3. Supports emotional health
Some forms of meditation can lead to improved self-image and a more positive outlook on life.
For example, one reviewTrusted Source of treatments given to more than 3,500 adults found that mindfulness meditation improved symptoms of depression.
A 2015 studyTrusted Source found that people who completed a meditation exercise experienced fewer negative thoughts in response to viewing negative images than those in a control group).
4. Enhances self-awareness
Some forms of meditation may help you develop a stronger understanding of yourself, helping you grow into your best self.
For example, self-inquiry meditation aims to help you develop a greater understanding of yourself and how you relate to those around you.
Other forms teach you to recognize harmful or self-defeating thoughts. The idea is that as you gain greater awareness of your thought habits, you can steer them toward more constructive patterns.
In a 2019 studyTrusted Source, 153 adults who used a mindfulness meditation app for 2 weeks experienced reduced feelings of loneliness and increased social contact compared with those in a control group.
5.Lengthens attention span
Focused attention meditation is like weightlifting for your attention span. It helps increase your attention span’s strength and endurance.
For example, one studyTrusted Source found that people who listened to a meditation tape experienced improved attention and accuracy while completing a task, compared with those in a control group.
A different studyTrusted Source found that people who regularly practiced meditation performed better on a visual task and had a greater attention span than those without any meditation experience.
Even meditating for a short period each day may benefit you. One studyTrusted Source found that meditating for just 13 minutes daily enhanced attention and memory after 8 weeks.
6. May reduce age-related memory loss
Improvements in attention and clarity of thinking may help keep your mind young.
Kirtan Kriya is a method of meditation that combines a mantra or chant with repetitive finger motions to focus your thoughts. Older studiesTrusted Source in people with age-related memory loss have shown it improves performance on neuropsychological tests.
An older 2014 reviewTrusted Source found preliminary evidence that multiple meditation styles can increase attention, memory, and mental quickness in older volunteers.
7. Can generate kindness
Some types of meditation may particularly increase positive feelings and actions toward yourself and others.
Metta meditation, a type of meditation also known as loving-kindness meditation, begins with developing kind thoughts and feelings toward yourself.
Through practice, people learn to extend this kindness and forgiveness externally, first to friends, then acquaintances, and ultimately enemies.
A meta-analysisTrusted Source of 22 studies on this form of meditation demonstrated its ability to increase peoples’ compassion toward themselves and others.
These benefits appear to accumulateTrusted Source over time with the practice of loving-kindness meditation.
8. May help with addiction
The mental discipline you can develop through meditation may helpTrusted Source you break dependencies by increasing your self-control and awareness of triggers for addictive behaviors.
A 2018 studyTrusted Source involving 60 people receiving treatment for alcohol use disorder linked practicing transcendental meditation with lower levels of stress, psychological distress, alcohol cravings, and alcohol use after 3 months.
Meditation may also help you control food cravings. An older reviewTrusted Source of 14 studies found that mindfulness meditation helped participants reduce emotional stress and binge eating.
9. Improves sleep
An older 2014 study compared mindfulness-based meditation programs and found that people who meditated stayed asleep longer and had improved insomnia severity, compared with those who had an unmedicated control condition.
Becoming skilled in meditation may help you control or redirect the racing or runaway thoughts that often lead to insomnia.
Additionally, it can help relax your body, release tension, and ease you into a peaceful state in which you’re more likely to fall asleep.
10. Helps control pain
Some research suggests that incorporating meditation into your routine could be beneficial for controlling pain.
For example, a 2017 reviewTrusted Source of 38 studies concluded that mindfulness meditation could reduce pain, improve quality of life, and decrease symptoms of depression in people with chronic pain.
A large 2014 meta-analysisTrusted Source of studies enrolling nearly 3,500 participants linked meditation with decreased pain.
11. Can decrease blood pressure
Meditation can also improve physical health by reducing strain on the heart.
Over time, high blood pressure makes the heart work harder to pump blood, leading to poor heart function.
High blood pressure also contributes to atherosclerosis, or a narrowing of the arteries, which can lead to heart attack and stroke.
A 2015 meta-analysisTrusted Source of 12 studies enrolling nearly 1,000 participants found that meditation helped reduce blood pressure. This was more effective among older participants and those with higher blood pressure before the study (42Trusted Source).
In part, meditation appearsTrusted Source to control blood pressure by relaxing the nerve signals that coordinate heart function, blood vessel tension, and the “fight-or-flight” response that increases alertness in stressful situations.
12. Accessible anywhere
People practice many different forms of meditation, most of which don’t require specialized equipment or space. You can practice with just a few minutes daily.
If you want to start meditating, try choosing a form of meditation based on what you want to get out of it.
There are two major styles of meditation:
Focused-attention meditation. This style concentrates attention on a single object, thought, sound, or visualization. It emphasizes ridding your mind of distractions. Meditation may focus on breathing, a mantra, or a calming sound.
Open-monitoring meditation. This style encourages broadened awareness of all aspects of your environment, train of thought, and sense of self. It may include becoming aware of suppressed thoughts, feelings, or impulses.
If your regular work and home environments do not allow for consistent, quiet alone time, consider participating in a class. This can also improve your chances of success by providing a supportive community.
